| Bosna i Hercegovina | Hrvatska | Srbija |
In the last months the EUROCLIO/MATRA 2005-2008 project History in Action – Planning for the Future, a Regional Approach for the Learning and Teaching of History in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia has promoted its publication: Ordinary People in an Extraordinary Country, Every Day Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia 1945-1990.Yugoslavia between East and West in Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia. The book is a Teacher Resource Book, applicable in Secondary History Education in the countries involved.
Last year a common German/French history textbook was actively promoted by German and French politicians and diplomats. It was big news: two once sworn enemies were able to publish a history textbook, applicable in the upper secondary educational systems in both countries. It had also been a big educational challenge, as the French system is centralised, and the German system is totally decentralised. Therefore this book is supposed to cover not less than 17 different history curricula. A major effort and the results were welcomed as a major success. And there is more: the authors even claim that their book could also be considered as a foundation stone for a future common European school history textbook. However the last war between these former enemies was already more than 60 years ago, and can we really talk about a common, transnational textbook? Is the book L’Histoire/Geschichte the result of team work, and collaborative writing? What are the criteria for such production?
At the time the German/French history textbook was promoted, a younger generation of history educators and historians in Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia were already for some time working on creative common teaching materials, which would be applicable in the history classes in their respective countries. Today the results of their efforts is available in the three local languages, and I would like to explore in how far this publication Ordinary People in an Extraordinary Country, Every Day Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia 1945-1990.Yugoslavia between East and West qualifies as transnational history publication and also to be considered as a foundation stone for a future common European school history resources development.
The authors of this book worked under the Umbrella of EUROCLIO, the European History Educators Organisation. EUROCLIO views history as an important school subject for the political and civic development of young people. It is the most structured channel for developing historical awareness of societies. EUROCLIO aims supporting the development of History and Citizenship Education by promoting collaborative values, critical awareness, mutual respect, peace, stability and democracy. Its work has 3 target areas: Life Long Learning of the professional group encouraging innovation, Intercultural Dialogue through co-operation, communication and networking and Participatory Governance, creating and supporting independent professional organisations.
Modern history education aims on active learning and the development of competencies such as critical thinking, gathering and processing information, and communicating and cooperating. In this manner the organisation contributes to building well informed and able citizens. In the 15 years of its existence, EUROCLIO has been working with European history educators to implement these goals in every day school history practice. Members of the Organisation are 63 organisations from 46, mostly European countries, linking 40.000 history educators. The elected International Board has members from, Greece, Iceland, The Netherlands, Slovenia, Ukraine and United Kingdom. The EUROCLIO Advisory Board counts among its members internationally well known historians and politicians. EUROCLIO has its headquarters in The Hague, The Netherlands.
A group of academic historians and history educators from Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia showed, late 2003 in Sarajevo, Bosnia, prudent interest to start working together. Despite the fact that the recent wars were less than 10 years ago, that there were still considerable frictions in the region, and that they all had first hand experiences related to these recent conflicts, they were thinking about the possibility of a common publication for school history. In 2004 they embarked on an ambitious project to produce a common Teacher Resource Book for the three countries The group prepared a series of 20 active lessons related to the history of Yugoslavia between 1945 and 1990. A narrative of a vanished country that is still part of the culture of the present school students, as their parents, grandparents and teachers all tell stories about that country, in which they once lived.
The group was required to follow the EUROCLIO method, which requires the participants to observe rules such as to be aware that history is based on facts and sources as evidence but that a story is always an interpretation. That the profession has to strive for truth and objectivity, however there is not one single truth as the past is multi-perspective and complex. And that history is not only high politics but also the story of ordinary people, including women and members of minority communities.
Modern school history, according the EUROCLIO method, has also a strong emphasis on innovative methodology and pedagogy. In order to achieve cross border cooperation EUROCLIO requires of the teams trust, common ownership and a shared understanding, together respecting procedural values such as dignity, toleration, and a respect for reasoning. With such approach the educational materials are based on shared thinking and collaborative writing.
Of course the project encountered quite a number of difficult challenges: what about the language and a title for the book; what about the proportion of politics or the use of the name Yugoslavia; how to address sensitive issues like crimes against humanity or Kosovo; how to design questions which enhance higher order thinking and finding a relevant format for the book or how to develop engaging assignments for students and to how to overcome different temperaments of the people involved? With this book you see the fruit of careful thinking, negotiation and rethinking and the long searches for those materials, which were considered appropriate to teach topics such as We belong to Tito, Tito belongs to Us; We or Me or about the Position of Women in Yugoslavia.
With the publication Ordinary People in an Extraordinary Country, Every Day Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia 1945-1990.Yugoslavia between East and West, EUROCLIO would like to support the national and regional discourse about the aims, role and opportunities for the subject school history in a modern global society and to give teachers in the region tangible ideas how to teach about a recent past, with its controversies and sensitivities. The publication would like to motivate students and to show that understanding their regional history helps to understand the world they live in. And also to support them with those competences, which will enable them to act as active and responsible citizens. And last but not least EUROCLIO hopes to demonstrate with this book that trans-border and trans-national history publications can modify the traditional approach to school history, where national suffering and achievements are bloated, and poor behaviour is disregarded. This teacher resource book wants to present the recent past of Yugoslavia for young people and their teachers, which was divers, multidimensional, complex, interesting and multi-perspective. Just like ordinary life.
Joke van der Leeuw-Roord, EUROCLIO Executive Director
Dear Ambassador Karel Vosskueler, EUROCLIO Board, Colleagues and Friends.
Yesterday, when we made our trip to Herzegovina I noticed a very attractive country site and beautiful cultural heritage. However there was no chance to avoid the fact that it was only recently a war zone: all the sites we visited were brand new.
In my talks I had with several of you during our trip I noticed anger, disappointment and indignation about the way national and international authorities handled the after war and present (political) situation in the region. All these feelings were about others: people not doing things they ought or were supposed to do, or doing them in the wrong way.
It made me more than ever aware why, as Dutch Ambassador Karel Vosskuhler put it, our project was such an exceptional project. Here we had a group op history and history education professionals who independently, on their own as it was said today, decided to do something about issues related to history education, where they were dissatisfied with in their respective countries.
The group members were unhappy about the quality of history education in their respective countries, both on the level of content as on the level of methodology. The history curricula required intense knowledge of facts, especially related to political history, and offered little insight in the history of everyday life of ordinary people. And it also almost skipped addressing issues related to about contemporary history. But there was more, also the methods of teaching were unsatisfactory. The classroom approach was generally instilling students with knowledge through ex cathedra teaching, without any opportunities to reflect and think about multiple stories and interpretations. However this group of people was also unhappy about the lost communication and cooperation after the wars in the region. And last but not least they also noticed that their professional voice was hardly heard and that educational authorities decided on everything without contacting or consulting the people working in the field.
The last days the seminar participants have reflected in how far this five year long cooperation has been able to satisfy the expectations of the project. All agreed that important steps are made towards the national and international networking and cooperation. In two countries, Bosnia and Croatia, History Educators' Associations were established. And for Bosnia, contrary to the general tendency, observed by Mr Vosskuhler, this Association was, after a lot of difficulties, established on a State, and therefore on a national non segregated basis. The already existing Serbian Association has grown during this period, and has improved its democratic procedures. The regional network has been established and is growing. People meet, work together but also have found opportunities to meet in their free time and even celebrated holidays together.
The influence of the project on History Teaching in the region is generally acknowledged. The new ideas are slowly but clearly receiving more and more acceptation in history textbooks and teacher training.
And certainly the project contributed to the improvement of individual professional capacities. In the reviews colleagues mentioned amongst others the capacity to speak in public, to act as a trainer, to work in groups, to overcome stereotyping, to speak English and have acquired a variety of ICT skills.
It would be too unrealistic to say that the projects only gave positive achievements and benefits.The lasting challenges and negative issues have also been addressed during this seminar. There was a general disappointment about the lack of support and acceptation of the results by national authorities, although there are differences between and even within the respective countries.
The participants of the project would have liked to have reached out to more colleagues. They estimated to have reached only 10% of the professional history educators. However as this mean at least 500 colleagues in Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia, I certainly think this is still a respectable outreach. The participants expressed also the aspiration to have been able to involve more countries in the region.
And perhaps the most important deficiency was the observation that the project only has begun to address the controversial and sensitive issues and the white spots in the history of the region.
In the last session, when we discussed the personal, Associations, Countries and Regional benefits, the session monitors captured the results of the project very well: the seminar illustrated that the achievements, the benefits and the challenges are very similar for all three Associations. And that demonstrated the similarity in situation for history education and civic society in these three countries and probably the region.
I dare to say that if we had these presentations with including other, let say Western European Countries, that we might have come to rather similar conclusions. Many of what happens here in the Balkans is not so much different from what happens elsewhere in Europe. And that of course is precisely the raison d’étre for EUROCLIO: a common effort facing the many challenges for history education.
The main conclusion of these days is, however, that the project has started a very important process, and that much is already achieved. However we are only half way. All seminar participants have stressed whole heartedly the willingness to continue the cooperation. But they are convinced that they cannot do that without help from others.
We are very happy that for the last five years we had such support. For the first two years the Danish Foreign Ministry helped us to create the fundaments of this cooperative project. And the Dutch Ministry of Foreign affairs enabled us to produce the book Ordinary People in an Extra Ordinary Country, Yugoslavia between East and West, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia between 1945 and 1990 and provided us opportunities to disseminate it on a national, regional and international level.
However we should not forget the special role of HOTEL SARAJ in Sarajevo. The place, which brought us together in the very early days of the project. And, which throughout the project supported us with its attentive and supportive staff. And they did not only give us moral and physical support, we also received hard financial support as they always gave us the very attractive prices, we once negotiated in the summer of 2003.
We have decided to hand out diplomas to all participants. We have chosen a special wording for these diplomas to show our appreciation.
We refer to the difficult circumstances, you encountered through the lack of understanding of people in the region that this project really had potential.
We speak about your civic courage, as you had concern about losing your jobs and about the (negative) reactions from other colleagues, politicians and media.
We recognize your professionalism, as you demonstrated a strong sense of responsibility towards upgrading the quality of the profession to “European standards” and the willingness to tackle the role of history in the region.
And finally we identify your innovative and inquisitive mind as you were open for new ideas and willing to learn. As it was said today, you were determined to demonstrate that Life Long Learning is something normal and even attractive for people in the (history) teaching profession.
I congratulate all project colleagues from Bosnia/Herzegovina, Croatia an Serbia with the very good results of their work but even more with their open and courageous attitude to break with the general feeling in the region that nothing can be done.
You did it!
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 23 August, 2008. Joke van der Leeuw-Roord, Executive Director EUROCLIO
Piše: Kiti Jurica-Korda, prof.
Dana 26. travnja 2008. u hotelu „Park“ u Splitu održan je treći u nizu seminara Hrvatske udruge nastavnika povijesti u sklopu projekta „Povijest na djelu – priprema za budućnost“. Na seminaru je Karolina Ujaković, dugogodišnja predsjednica HUNP-a, predstavila rad i organizaciju Hrvatske udruge nastavnika povijesti, kao i sam projekt koji je započeo još 2003., a u sklopu kojeg je upravo objavljen priručnik za nastavnike „Obični ljudi u neobičnoj zemlji“. Održane su i tri radionice iz objavljenog priručnika. Radionicu „Utjecaj ideologije i glazbene scene u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji“ održala je Kiti Jurica –Korda, jedna od autorica priručnika, radionicu „Mi ili ja“ održao je Bahrudin Beširević, prof. kolega iz Bosne i Hercegovine, također jedan od autora, a radionicu „Položaj žene u SFRJ“ zajednički su održale Zvezdana Petrović, jedna od autorica iz Srbije i Kiti Jurica-Korda. Seminaru je prisustvovalo 30 – tak nastavnika iz dalmatinskih škola, te viša savjetnica za povijest za Dalmaciju – Loranda Miletić, prof. Svi su nastavnici dobili priručnike koji nude veliki broj raznovrsnih izvora složenih u 20 radionica.
Piše: Kiti Jurica-Korda, prof.
Godišnja konferencija Euroclia ove godine održala se u Bristolu, Engleska, od 31. ožujka do 5. travnja. Tema konferencije bila je „Istraživanje identiteta, različitosti i vrijednosti kroz nastavu povijesti“ (Exploring Identity, Diversity and Values through History Teaching). Sudjelovalo je osamdesetak nastavnika povijesti iz svih europskih zemalja. Hrvatsku udrugu nastavnika povijesti predstavljale su Svjetlana Vorel, prof., Loranda Miletić, viša savjetnica za povijest i Kiti Jurica-Korda, prof. kojima je sudjelovanje omogućeno zahvaljujući projektu „Povijest na djelu – pripremanje za budućnost“ (History in Action – Preparing for the Future).
Nizom zanimljivih predavanja, raznolikih i kreativnih radionica i obilazaka kulturno-povijesnih lokaliteta ostvarena je još jedna izuzetno uspješna konferencija Euroclia koja je i ovoga puta promicala vrijednosti suvremenog pristupa u nastavi povijesti, ali i omogućila dragocjenu razmjenu iskustava nastavnika povijesti čitave Europe.
Veći dio predavanja i radionica održao se na University of West of England. Konferenciju je otvorila predsjednica Euroclia Sussana Margret Gestsdottir, a uvodno predavanje održao je dr Dean Smart, član predsjedništva Euroclia i redovni profesor na UWE, te jedan od najzaslužnijih za izvanrednu organizaciju konferencije. Kroz prva predavanja upoznali smo se s novim engleskim kurikulumom nastave povijesti za učenike od 14 do 16 godina te s izazovima i problemima s kojima su se njihovi autori susretali. Iako se u engleskoj nastavi povijesti nastoji ponovo uvesti i kronološki pristup, to nikako ne znači da je na njemu prioritet već se nastoji osigurati da učenici shvate procese, odnose i vrijednosti kroz povijest, što znači da je i dalje naglasak na razumijevanju, a ne na memoriranju faktografije. Ono što je danas jedan od glavnih interesa nastavnika povijesti i uopće britanskog građanskog društva zapravo je upravo ono što je i tema ovogodišnje konferencije - proučavanje identiteta i različitosti pripadnika raznih naroda i njihovih potomaka koji danas žive u Velikoj Brianiji, a koji su rezultat višestoljetnih različitih migracija.
Gdje i kako tražiti identitet u vrijeme globalizacije bila je tema predavanja Chrisa Culpina pod nazivom „Povijest i identitet – izazovi i mogućnosti“ u kojem naglašava kako bi kroz podučavanje povijesti trebalo pomoći učeniku pronaći identitet na osobnoj, lokalnoj, nacionalnoj i internacionalnoj razini. Upravo su tu temu obrađivale i brojne radionice, te na vrlo invetivne načine pokazale kako se sve može ova problematika tretirati u nastavi povijesti i na koje se sve načine može pomoći učenicima u određivanju sebe i svoje uloge u civilnom društvu današnjeg, globaliziranog svijeta.
Jedno od najzapaženijih predavanja bilo je ono uglednog i nagrađivanog profesora Iana Dawsona kojim je prikazao kako se tema iz britanske povijesti (od Rimljana do Normana) može obraditi aktivnom metodom igrokaza kroz kojeg učenici mogu na zoran i zabavan način shvatiti formiranje narodnog identiteta. Posebno je bilo zanimljivo čuti predavanje izraelskog profesora Eyala Navaha "Dvije strane jedne priče" kroz koje je prezentirao rad izraelsko-palestinske grupe povijesničara na projektu pisanja povijesti 20. tog stoljeća, te probleme i izazove zajedničkog rada kao jednog od bitnih koraka prema pomirenju i suživotu Palestinaca i Izraelaca. Važnost multiperspektivnosti u podučavanju osjetljivih i kontroverznih tema jedna je od glavnih poruka i radionica koje su upriličene u Muzeju Britanskog Carstva i Commonweltha (The British Empire and Commonwealth Museum) s posebnim osvrtom na temu trgovine robljem i ropstva uopće. Bristol je, naime, bio glavna engleska luka za trgovinu robovima te je toj temi naročita pozornost posvećena i u muzejskoj postavi, i u organizaciji edukativnih aktivnosti Muzeja.
U sklopu konferencije, kako je i uobičajeno, organiziran je posjet školama gdje smo se u neposrednom susretu i razgovoru s nastavnicima i učenicima mogli upoznati sa sustavom engleskog školstva, njihovim neposrednim problemima i svakodnevicom. Moglo bi se reći da su škole u Engleskoj u nekoj vrsti tržišne utrke za učenicima u kojoj svojom kvalitetom, suvremenim inventarom te nadasve sposobnošću nastavničkog kadra osiguravaju veći broj učenika. Jedan dan konferencije posvećen je obilasku kulturno-povijesnih lokaliteta južnog Somerseta, preciznije dviju vila iz XVI. st. (Barrington Court with kitchen garden i Montacute hause). Tom smo prilikom u tipičnom okruženju Engleske iz doba Tudora upoznati na koje se sve načine može iskoristiti povijesni lokalitet za podučavanje učenika svih uzrasta. Ne može se ne zapaziti koliko se pozornosti posvećuje organizaciji rada s učenicima na ovakvim povijesnim lokalitetima i koliko su sami djelatnici ovih ustanova educirani upravo za rad s mladima. Na plenarnoj skupštini Euroclia predsjednica je podnijela izvješće o radu i aktivnostima kroz proteklu godinu. U Predsjedništvo je izabrana nova članica Polina Verbitska iz Ukrajine umjesto Chare Makriyianni s Cipra kojoj je istekao mandat, dok su svi ostali članovi za sada ostali isti.
Sljedeće godine godišnja konferencija će se održati na Cipru, ravnopravno na grčkom i turskom dijelu otoka, a tema će biti Međukulturalni dijalog i podučavanje povijesti. Zaključila bih ovo izvješće citatom iz engleskog kurikuluma nastave povijesti: „Povijest potiče učeničku znatiželju i maštu, a kroz dileme, izbore i uvjerenja ljudi iz prošosti pokreće ih i inspirira. Ona pomaže učenicima razviti vlastiti identitet kroz razumijevanje povijesti i na osobnoj, lokalnoj, nacionalnoj i internacionalnoj razini.“
Piše: Ivan Dukić, prof.
U sklopu predstavljanja projekta "Obični ljudi u neobičnoj zemlji" 5. travnja 2008. u Hotelu "Osijek" u Osijeku održao se seminar u organizaciji Hrvatske udruge nastavnika povijesti, a pod sponzorstvom Euroclia. Seminaru je nazočilo 26 nastavnika povijesti Osječko-baranjske županije. Nakon uvodnih riječi Ivana Dukića, predsjednika HUNP-a, kolega Darko Benčić je predstavio dodatni materijal za nastavu "Obični ljudi u neobičnoj zemlji - Svakodnevni život u BiH, Hrvatskoj i Srbiji" (1945.-1990), te najavio mogućnost sudjelovanja HUNP-a u novom projektu "Povezivanje Europe kroz povijest" kojega vode Euroclio i Europeum.
Nakon toga su izvedene radionice iz priručnika: “Sumnjivo igra nova generacija” - odnos mladih i starih u SFR Jugoslaviji (voditelj: I. Dukić), “U zdravom tijelu zdrav duh!?” – zdravstvene prilike u SFRJ (1945.-1989.) (voditelj: D. Benčić), a u poslijepodnevnim satima i "Položaj žena u SFRJ" (voditelj: I. Dukić).
Uz rad, ugodno druženje uz kavu i ručak, nazočni su povrh dotične knjige dobili i komplete od 4 čitanke (Osmansko carstvo, Nacije i Nacionalizmi, Balkanski ratovi i Drugi svjetski rat) koje je izdao Centar za demokraciju i pomirenje u Jugoistočnoj Europi iz Soluna i Hrvatski helsinški odbor. Po evaluacijskim listićima možemo zaključiti da su nastavnici željni ovakvih i sličnih seminara, druženja i izmjena iskustva.
Dana 15. 3. 2008. u Hotelu «Jadran» u Rijeci održan je seminar u organizaciji Hrvatske udruge nastavnika povijesti i Euroclia. Kroz nekoliko radionica kolege Denis Detling, Darko Benčić i kolegica Zvjezdana Marčić (BiH) predstavili su knjigu radionica "Obični ljudi u neobičnoj zemlji - Svakodnevni život u Bosni i Hercegovini, Hrvatskoj i Srbiji (1945.-1989.). Vjerujemo da će ovaj priručnik korisno upotpuniti i obogatiti nastavu. U sklopu seminara održano je i predavanje na temu "Obrazovanje žena u Hrvatskoj 1868.-1918." Osim ugodnog druženja, kvalitetnih radionica i korisnog predavanja, svi nazočni dobili su i primjerak predstavljene knjige. Darko Benčić, tajnik HUNP-a, nazočne je kolegice i kolege upoznao s dosadašnjim radom i projektima Hrvatske udruge nastavnika povijesti te predstavio novi projekt vezan uz Građanska prava u nastavi povijesti.
Piše: Ivan Dukić
U ugodnom ambijentu hotela «Saraj» u Sarajevu, pred nastavnicima iz raznih krajeva Bosne i Hercegovine te u nazočnosti brojnih stranih gostiju među kojima su bili i veleposlanici Danske i Nizozemske i predstavnici Euroclia kao i država uključenih u projekt, svečano je predstavljen gotov dodatni nastavni materijal «Obični ljudi u neobičnoj zemlji». U ime Euroclia projekt je predstavila Joke van der Leeuw-Roord. Suradnja povjesničara Bosne i Hercegovine, Hrvatske i Srbije na projektu «Unaprjeđenje nastave povijesti i građanskog društva» započela je 2004. a nastavljena je 2007. kroz projekt pod novim naslovom «Povijest na djelu – pripremanje za budućnost» (History in action – planning for the future). Cilj projekta je unaprjeđenje nastave, ali i promicanje suradnje između država, razvoj kritičke svijesti i međusobnog razumijevanja. Stručni i metodički prikaz priručnika napravila je Dr Vera Katz s Instituta za istoriju u Sarajevu. Naglasila je modernost metodičkog pristupa, funkcionalnost priručnika koji nudi gotove radionice, ali i mogućnost korištenja materijala u kombinaciji novih radionica.
Idućega dana održana je Druga redovna skupština Udruženja nastavnika i profesora historije Euroclio – HIP BIH. U prvome su dijelu dr. Edin Veladžić (predsjednik Euroclia HIP-BiH) i mr. sc. Melisa Forić (tajnica) predstavili sam projekt te rad udruge u protekloj godini. Najavljeni su i seminari na kojima će kroz radionice biti predstavljen priručnik - u Doboju (14-15. ožujka) i Mostaru (17. svibnja). Na skupštini su provedeni izbori za rukovodstvo udruge. U Upravni odbor izabrani su Bojana Dujković-Blagojević, Melisa Forić, Marija Naletilić, Edin Radušić i Boro Bronza, a u Nadzorni odbor - Edin Veladžić, Samojko Cvijanović i Zvjezdana Marčić-Matošević. Nakon toga održane su dvije paralelne radionice:
"Bilo jednom u Jugoslaviji" (voditelj: Darko Benčić, Hrvatska)
"Mens sana in corpore sano" (voditeljica: Elma Hašimbegović, Bosna i Hercegovina).
Obje su radionice sastavni dio priručnika «Obični ljudi u neobičnoj zemlji», poglavlja koje obrađuje Standard života. Primjenom skupnog rada i analizom izvora autori su približili svakodnevicu promatranog razdoblja. U poslijepodnevnom terminu, Ljilja Lazarević i Emina Dautović (Srbija) vodile su radionicu na temu «Golog otoka» te zorno pokazale kako se može u nastavi upotrijebiti materijal kojega su autori skupili tijekom projekta ali zbog ograničenog broja stranica nije uvršten u priručnik. (Materijal je objavljen na web-stranici projekta www.cliohip.com).
Događaj oko promocije knjige bio je dostojno medijski popraćen, radionice su bile vrlo kvalitetne, a nazočni su nastavnici dobili primjerke priručnika kojega će vjerojatno mnogi koristiti u nastavi.
Ovaj projekat ima financijsku potporu Programa za Socijalnu transformaciju Centralne i Istočne Europe (Matra), Ministarstva za Vanjske Poslove Nizozemske
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